-ary notation
- Ideals
- The Euclidean algorithm
- Linear diophantine equations
- The extended Euclidean algorithm
- Euler's phi function
- Application: Divisibility criteria revisited
- Aside on equivalence relations
- Properties of
- Repeated squaring algorithm
- Fermat's little theorem
- Linear recurrence equations
- Application: Two ciphers
- Feedback with carry shift register ciphers
- Application: calendar calculations
- The Chinese remainder theorem
- An application to Euler's
-function
- Fermat's Little Theorem, revisited
- Euler's theorem
- Application: Decimal expansions of rational numbers
- Application: RSA encryption
- Application: The discrete log problem
- Application: Diffie-Hellman key exchange
- Application: ElGamal encryption
: a summary